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It was the result of, for me, decades of teaching and researching about how media portrayals of marginalized human beings impact their lived experiences, how knowing someone only through the way media and popular culture portray them inevitably results in stereotypes, primarily negative ones. The impetus for creating this style guide was to participate in “real world” animal advocacy. In Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices, Hall (2013: 3) notes: “In part, we give things meaning by how we represent them – the words we use about them, the stories we tell about them, the images of them we produce, the emotions we associate with them, the ways we classify and conceptualize them, the values we place on them”.

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Carrie Freeman and I co-created a style guide targeting professional communicators and private citizens concerned with respectful and responsible re-presenting ( Hall 2013) of animals in images and in words. In 2014, in response to limited and limiting media re-presentations, Dr. But who speaks on behalf of a group that does not communicate in the same way humans do? Just as racial, sexual, and other stereotypes aim at the erasure of individual human beings who are not valued in the majority culture, so does the lack of gendered pronouns when it comes to speaking about actual animals as groups and as individuals.

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The Society of Professional Journalists (SPJ) Code of Ethics includes the tenet to “provide a voice for the voiceless” ( Freeman et al. As a result, these groups created their own style guides to provide easy access for professional communicators wanting to do the right, respectful, and accurate thing. Mainstream style guides such as the Associated Press (AP) historically have not reflected interests and needs of that outside of or apart from the dominant culture. Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation), and others argue there are more respectful and more accurate ways to speak about and portray members of marginalized communities than has been done in the past. National Association of Black Journalists, Asian American Journalists Association, Native American Journalists Association) and sexual minorities (e.g. Language that continues to refer to them as “it”, for example, rather than “he” or “she” (when sex is known), and not as “they” when it is not, concretizes living beings in the category of object, not subject.Īctivism on the part of journalist associations of people of color (e.g. However, when it comes to animals other than humans, the change appears only as drops in the linguistic bucket with slow progress in recognizing them as individuals, who are sexed, and whose treatment by us is largely determined by which sex they are born as. The recent migration from binary labels of he/she as all-encompassing terms, determined at birth, represents a tidal change in how humans are categorized. The greatest discussion point might be around the third-person singular gender-neutral pronoun “they”, particularly in revoking its plurality. Certainly, there has been a linguistic turn in the way human beings self-identify and ask to be identified. “Pronouns are suddenly sexy”, writes Baron (2020: 1) in the introduction to What’s Your Pronoun? Beyond He and She. This matters not only in the categorization and subsequent treatment of animals but also in broader ecological domains and well-being. How we refer to animals does not reflect who they are, but rather who we are. This website is discussed in terms of what informed its creation, what fuels its maintenance, and finally, a media example that shows what using personal pronouns looks like, breaking with style recommendations. There is a brief discussion about the creation of. This article discusses language as power and focuses on how language matters in the lives of animals other than humans.

Language that continues to refer to them as “it”, for example, rather than “he” or “she” (when sex is known), and not as “they” when it is not, concretizes living beings in the category of object, not subject. However, when it comes to animals other than humans, change appears only as drops in the linguistic bucket with slow progress in recognizing them as individuals, who are sexed, and whose treatment by us is determined by which sex they are assigned at birth. The move away from binary labels of he/she as all-encompassing terms, determined at birth, represent a tidal change in how humans are categorized.

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